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Ví dụ

Acid (n)

/ˈæs.ɪd/

A substance that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair

Axit

Lemon juice contains citric acid.

Atomic (adj)

/əˈtɒm.ɪk/

Relating to atoms

Thuộc về nguyên tử

The atomic structure of water consists of two hydrogen atoms.

Alkaline (adj)

/ˈæl.kəl.aɪn/

Having a pH greater than 7, opposite to an acid

Có tính kiềm

Soap is often alkaline in nature.

Atom (n)

/ˈæt.əm/

The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons in orbit

Nguyên tử

Oxygen is an element composed of oxygen atoms.

Anion (n)

/ˈæn.aɪ.ən/

A negatively charged ion

Hạt ion âm 

Chloride is an example of a negatively charged anion.

Alloy (n)

/ˈæl.ɔɪ/

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

Hợp kim

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Aqueous (adj)

/ˈeɪ.kwi.əs/

Like or containing water

Dung dịch nước, dạng nước 

Hydrochloric acid forms an aqueous solution when mixed with water.

Absorption (n)

/əbˈzɔːp.ʃən/

The process of one substance taking in or soaking up another substance

Sự hấp thụ

The absorption of light by plants is essential for photosynthesis.

Base (n)

/beɪs/

A chemical that dissolves in water and combines with an acid to create a salt

Bazơ

Ammonia is an example of a base.

Bond (n)

/bɒnd/

The force that holds two atoms together in a molecule

Liên kết

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Binary Compound

/ˈbaɪ.nər.i ˈkɒm.paʊnd/

A chemical compound composed of two different elements

Hợp chất nhị phân

Sodium chloride is a binary compound.

Buffer (n)

/ˈbʌf.ər/

A solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added

Dung dịch đệm

Blood acts as a natural buffer in the body.

Boiling Point (n)

/ˈbɔɪ.lɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas; the temperature at which boiling occurs

Nhiệt độ sôi

The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

Benzene (n)

/ˈben.ziːn/

A colorless liquid hydrocarbon obtained from coal tar or petroleum

Benzen

Benzene is a common solvent used in chemical processes.

Balance (v)

/ˈbæl.əns/

Adjusting the coefficients in a chemical equation to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides

Cân bằng

Balancing a chemical equation is crucial for accurate reactions.

Catalyst (n)

/ˈkæt.əl.ɪst/

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change itself

Chất xúc tác

Enzymes are biological catalysts in living organisms.

Compound (n)

/ˈkɒm.paʊnd/

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

Hợp chất

Water, H₂O, is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen.

Concentration (n)

/ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/

The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution

Nồng độ

The concentration of salt in seawater is approximately 3.5%.

Corrosion (n)

/kəˈroʊ.ʒən/

The gradual destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

Sự ăn mòn

Rusting is a form of corrosion that affects iron and steel.

Combustion (n)

/kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/

The process of burning, typically characterized by the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen

Quá trình đốt cháy

Combustion of gasoline in an engine produces energy.

Conductivity (n)

/ˌkɒn.dʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/

The ability of a substance to conduct electric current

Điện dẫn

Metals generally exhibit high electrical conductivity.

Decomposition (n)

/ˌdiˌkɑm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

The breakdown or separation of a substance into simpler substances or elements

Phân hủy

The decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical reaction.

Density (n)

/ˈden.sɪ.ti/

The mass of a substance per unit volume

Khối lượng riêng

Lead has a higher density than aluminum.

Distillation (n)

/ˌdɪs.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

A process that separates components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points

Quá trình chưng cất

Distillation is commonly used to purify liquids.

Double Bond (n)

/ˌdʌb.əl ˈbɒnd/

A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

Liên kết đôi

Ethene (C₂H₄) has a double bond between carbon atoms.

Endothermic (adj)

/ˌen.dəʊˈθɜː.mɪk/

Describing a process that absorbs heat from the surroundings

Nhiệt hấp thụ

Melting ice is an endothermic process.

Equilibrium (n)

/ˌek.wɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced

Cân bằng

Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state in a reaction.

Filtration (n)

/fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən/

A method of separating solid particles from a liquid or gas using a porous material

Quá trình lọc

Coffee is often made by filtration to remove coffee grounds.

Fluorescence (n)

/flɔːˈres.əns/

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

Sự phát quang, huỳnh quang 

Certain minerals exhibit fluorescence when exposed to UV light.

Fusion (n)

/ˈfjuː.ʒən/

The process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity

Sự nấu chảy, sự hợp nhất 

The fusion of hydrogen atoms in the sun produces helium.

Gas (n)

/ɡæs/

A substance in a state of matter that has no fixed shape and takes on the shape of its container

Khí ga

Oxygen and nitrogen are common gases in the atmosphere.

Group (n)

/ɡruːp/

A column of elements in the periodic table with similar chemical properties

Nhóm

The noble gases are found in Group 18 of the periodic table.

Greenhouse Gas (n)

/ˌɡriːn.haʊs ˈɡæs/

A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing and emitting infrared radiation

Khí nhà kính

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere.

Hydrolysis (n)

/haɪˈdrɒl.ə.sɪs/

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound

Quá trình thủy phân

Hydrolysis of sucrose produces glucose and fructose.

Hydrocarbon (n)

/ˌhaɪ.drəʊˈkɑː.bən/

A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Hợp chất Hydrocarbon

Methane is a simple hydrocarbon with one carbon atom.

Halogen (n)

/ˈhæl.ə.dʒen/

Any of the five chemically related elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine

Halôgen

Chlorine is a halogen used in water treatment.

Liquid (n)

/ˈlɪk.wɪd/

A state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape

Dạng lỏng

Water is a common example of a liquid at room temperature.

Ligand (n)

/ˈlɪɡ.ənd/

A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion

Phối tử

EDTA is a common ligand in coordination chemistry.

Molecule (n)

/ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/

A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound

Phân tử

Water is a molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Metal (n)

/ˈmet.əl/

A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity

Kim loại

Copper and iron are common examples of metals.

Molar Mass (n)

/ˈməʊ.lər mæs/

The mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by the amount of substance in moles

Khối lượng mol

To find molar mass, add up the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule.

Molecular Formula (n)

/məˈlek.jə.lər ˈfɔː.mjə.lə/

A representation of a molecule that uses chemical symbols to indicate the types of atoms followed by subscripts to show the number of atoms of each type

Công thức hóa học 

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.

Metalloid (n)

/ˈmet.əl.ɔɪd/

An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals

Á kim 

Silicon is an example of a metalloid.

Melting Point (n)

/ˈmel.tɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

Điểm nóng chảy

The melting point of ice is 0 degrees Celsius.

Nanotechnology (n)

/ˌnæn.əʊ.tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

The science of making extremely small devices the size of atoms and molecules

Công nghệ nano

Nanotechnology has applications in medicine, electronics, and materials science.

Noble Gas (n)

/ˌnəʊ.bəl ˈɡæs/

A group of elements on the periodic table that are generally unreactive and have low boiling points

Khí hiếm

Helium and neon are examples of noble gases.

Nucleus (n)

/ˈnjuː.kli.əs/

The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

Hạt nhân

The nucleus is surrounded by electrons in an atom.

Nonpolar (adj)

/nɑːnˈpoʊ·lər/

Used to refer to a substance whose molecules do not have opposite positive and negative poles

Không phân cực

Methane is a nonpolar molecule.

Neutralization (n)

/ˌnjuː.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt

Trung hòa

Neutralization reactions are often used in titrations.

Nuclear Fusion (n)

/ˌnjuː.klɪə ˈfjuː.ʒən/

A nuclear reaction in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy

Phản ứng hạt nhân

The sun produces energy through nuclear fusion in its core.

Nitrate (n)

/ˈnaɪ.treɪt/

A chemical compound containing the nitrate ion (NO3-), often used as a fertilizer

Nitrat

Sodium nitrate is a common ingredient in fertilizers.

Organic (adj)

/ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/

(of a chemical substance) containing carbon

Hữu cơ

Organic chemicals are used in the manufacture of plastics, fibres, solvents and paints.

Oxidation (n)

/ˌɑːk.səˈdeɪ.ʃən/

The process of losing electrons during a chemical reaction; often involves the addition of oxygen

Oxi hóa

Rusting is an example of the oxidation of iron.

Oxide (n)

/ˈɒk.saɪd/

A compound of oxygen with another element or group

Ôxít

Carbon dioxide is an oxide of carbon.

Temperature (n)

/ˈtem.prə.tʃər/

The measured amount of heat

Nhiệt độ

The temperature of the reaction mixture was carefully controlled.

Toxicity (n)

/tɒkˈsɪs.ɪ.ti/

The degree to which a substance can harm living organisms

Độ độc hại

The toxicity of certain chemicals requires careful handling.

Polymer (n)

/ˈpɒl.ɪ.mər/

A chemical substance consisting of large molecules made from many smaller and simpler molecules

Polyme

Plastics are often made of polymers derived from petroleum.

Precipitate (n)

/prɪˈsɪp.ɪ.tət/

A solid substance that is produced from a liquid during a chemical process

Kết tủa

The addition of a specific reagent caused the precipitate.

pH (n)

ˌpiːˈeɪtʃ/

A measure of acidity or alkalinity in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14

Độ pH

Lemon juice has a low pH, indicating its acidic nature.

Plasma (n)

/ˈplæz.mə/

The pale yellow liquid that forms 55% of human blood and contains the blood cells

Huyết tương 

Doctors administered plasma to support patients with low blood pressure.

Periodic Table (n)

/ˌpɪə.ri.ɒd.ɪk ˈteɪ.bəl/

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number

Bảng tuần hoàn

Mendeleev is credited with creating the periodic table.

Precipitation (n)

/prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

The process of a substance separating from a solution as a solid

Quá trình kết tủa

Cooling a solution can lead to the precipitation of solutes.

Valence (n)

/ˈveɪ.ləns/

The combining capacity of an atom, determined by the number of electrons it will lose, gain, or share when it forms chemical bonds

Hóa trị

Oxygen typically has a valence of two in chemical compounds.

Vaporization (n)

/ˌveɪ.pər.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

The process of converting a substance from a liquid or solid state into a vapor

Sự bay hơi 

The vaporization of water occurs when it reaches its boiling point.