Tổng hợp từ vựng tiếng Anh chủ đề Mathematics (Toán học)

Từ vựng

Phiên âm

Nghĩa tiếng Anh

Nghĩa tiếng Việt

Ví dụ

Algebra (n)

/ˈæl.dʒə.brə/

A part of mathematics in which signs and letters represent numbers

Đại số

Algebra plays a fundamental role in solving complex mathematical equations.

Arithmetic (n)

/əˈrɪθ.mə.tɪk/

The part of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers

Số học 

Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Area (n)

/ˈeə.ri.ə/

The extent or measurement of a surface; the number of square units within a shape

Diện tích

To find the area of a rectangle, multiply its length by its width.

Average (adj)

/ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ/

The result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing the total by the number of quantities

Trung bình

The average score on the math test was 85.

Axis (n)

/ˈæk.sɪs/

A fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates in a graph

Trục

The x-axis and y-axis intersect at the origin in a Cartesian coordinate system.

Addition (n)

/əˈdɪʃ.ən/

The process or skill of combining numbers to find their sum

Phép cộng

In addition, 2 + 3 equals 5.

Angle (n)

/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/

The figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint

Góc

A right angle measures exactly 90 degrees.

Absolute Value (n)

/ˌæb.sə.luːt ˈvæl.juː/

The distance of a number from zero on the number line, always positive

Giá trị tuyệt đối

The absolute value of -5 is 5.

Asymptote (n)

/ˈæs.ɪm.təʊt/

A straight line that a curve approaches but never meets or crosses

Đường tiệm cận

The hyperbola has asymptotes that define its behavior at infinity.

Binary (adj)

/ˈbaɪ.nər.i/

A system of numbers that uses only 0 and 1

Nhị phân

Computers use a binary system, representing data using 0s and 1s.

Base (n)

/beɪs/

The number or expression that is raised to a power in a mathematical operation

Cơ số 

In 2^3, the base is 2, and the exponent is 3.

Boundary (n)

/ˈbaʊn.dər.i/

A real or imaginary line that marks the limit of something

Đường biên

The boundary of the region is defined by the equation y = 2x.

Bracket (n)

/ˈbræk.ɪt/

Symbols used in pairs to group expressions and clarify the order of operations

Dấu ngoặc 

In (3 + 5) × 2, the brackets indicate that addition is performed first.

Bias (n)

/ˈbaɪ.əs/

A systematic deviation of a statistical process from its true value

Độ lệch

A bias in sampling may lead to inaccurate statistical results.

Calculus (n)

/ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/

An area of advanced mathematics in which continuously changing values are studied

Giải tích, vi tích phân 

Calculus is used to understand rates of change and integrals.

Coefficient (n)

/ˌkəʊ.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

A value, in mathematics, that appears in front of and multiplies another value

Hệ số

In the equation 3x^2, the coefficient of x^2 is 3.

Congruent (adj)

/ˈkɒŋ.ɡru.ənt/

Having the same size and shape

Đồng dạng, đồng hình

In geometry, congruent triangles have equal sides and angles.

Circle (n)

/ˈsɜː.kəl/

A perfectly round shape

Hình tròn

The circumference of a circle is calculated using the formula 2πr.

Cube (n)

/kjuːb/

A three-dimensional geometric figure with six square faces

Hình lập phương

The volume of a cube is calculated as side length cubed.

Cross Product (n)

/krɒs ˈprɒd.ʌkt/

The product of two vectors that results in a vector perpendicular to both

Tích có hướng (véc tơ)

The cross product of two vectors is used in vector algebra.

Decimal (adj)

/ˈdes.ɪ.məl/

Relating to or expressed in a system of counting based on the number ten

Số thập phân

3.14 is a decimal representation of the mathematical constant π.

Denominator (n)

/dɪˈnɒm.ɪ.neɪ.tər/

The bottom part of a fraction that represents the total number of equal parts

Mẫu số

In the fraction 3/5, 5 is the denominator.

Derivative (n)

/dɪˈrɪv.ɪ.tɪv/

A measure of the rate at which a function is changing

Đạo hàm

Calculating derivatives is a fundamental concept in calculus.

Diagonal (n)

/daɪˈæɡ.ən.əl/

A straight line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices of a polygon

Đường chéo

The square has two diagonals of equal length.

Dividend (n)

/ˈdɪv.ɪ.dend/

The number to be divided in a division problem

Số bị chia

In 12 ÷ 3, 12 is the dividend.

Domain (n)

/dəˈmeɪn/

The set of all possible input values for a function or relation

Tập xác định

The domain of the function f(x) = x^2 is all real numbers.

Equation (n)

/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/

A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal

Phương trình

Solving equations involves finding values that satisfy the equality.

Equilateral Triangle (n)

/ˌi.kwəˈlæt.ə.rəl ˈtrɑɪˌæŋ.ɡəl/

A triangle with all three sides of equal length

Tam giác đều

An equilateral triangle has three equal sides and three equal angles.

Expression (n)

/ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/

A mathematical phrase that may include numbers, variables, and operations

Biểu thức

In 3x + 2, the entire expression represents a linear equation.

Ellipse (n)

/iˈlɪps/

A regular oval shape

Hình elip

An ellipse is a curved shape formed by the set of points where the sum of the distances from two fixed points is constant.

Factor (n)

/ˈfæk.tər/

Any whole number that is produced when you divide a larger number by another whole number

Ước số

4 is a factor of 12 because 4 divides evenly into 12.

Fraction (n)

/ˈfræk.ʃən/

A numerical quantity that is not a whole number

Phân số

1/2 is an example of a fraction, representing one-half.

Frequency (n)

/ˈfriː.kwən.si/

The number of times a particular value occurs in a set of data

Tần suất

The frequency of the number 5 in the data set is 3.

Function (n)

/ˈfʌŋk.ʃən/

A relation between a set of inputs and a set of possible outputs

Hàm số

In y = 2x + 3, y is a function of x.

Finite (adj)

/ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Having bounds or limits; not infinite

Hữu hạn

A finite set has a limited number of elements.

Graph (n)

/ɡrɑːf/

A diagram showing the relation between variable quantities

Đồ thị

This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years.

Group (n)

/ɡruːp/

A set equipped with an operation satisfying certain conditions

Nhóm

In abstract algebra, a group consists of a set and an operation that satisfies specific properties.

Graph Theory (n)

/ɡrɑːf ˈθɪə.ri/

The study of graphs, which are mathematical structures representing relationships between objects

Lý thuyết đồ thị

Graph theory is used to analyze and model various relationships in different fields.

Histogram (n)

/ˈhɪs.tə.ɡræm/

A graphical representation of the distribution of a set of data

Biểu đồ tần suất

The histogram displays the frequency of values in a dataset.

Horizontal Line (n)

/ˌhɒr.ɪˈzɒn.təl laɪn/

A straight line parallel to the horizon

Đường nằm ngang

The equation y = 5 represents a horizontal line at y = 5.

Locus (n)

/ˈləʊ.kəs/

A set of points that satisfy a particular condition or criteria

Quỹ tích 

The locus of points equidistant from two fixed points is a line.

Logarithm (n)

/ˈlɒɡ.ə.rɪ.ðəm/

A logarithm is a mathematical function that represents the exponent or power to which a base must be raised to obtain a specific number.

Logarit

In the equation 10^2 = 100, 2 is the logarithm of 100 to the base 10.

Linear Equation (n)

/ˌlɪn.i.ər ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/

An equation of the form ax + b = 0, where x is the variable

Phương trình đường thẳng 

The linear equation 2x - 3 = 0 has x = 3/2 as its solution.

Matrix (n)

/ˈmeɪ.trɪks/

A rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions

Ma trận

In linear algebra, a matrix is often used to represent linear transformations.

Mean (n)

/miːn/

The average of a set of numbers calculated by adding them together and dividing by the count

Trung bình, số bình quân 

The mean of 3, 5, and 7 is (3+5+7)/3 = 5.

Null Set (n)

/nʌl set/

A set that contains no elements

Tập rỗng

The null set is often denoted by the symbol Ø.

Natural Number (n)

/ˌnætʃ.ər.əl ˈnʌm.bər/

The set of positive integers (1, 2, 3, ...)

Số tự nhiên

The natural numbers include 1, 2, 3, and so on.

Notation (n)

/nəʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

The system of written symbols used esp. in mathematics

Ký hiệu toán học 

Mathematical notation simplifies the representation of complex concepts.

Negative Number (n)

/ˈneɡ.ə.tɪv ˈnʌm.bər/

A number less than zero

Số âm

-5 is an example of a negative number.

Numerator (n)

/ˈnjuː.mə.reɪ.tər/

The top part of a fraction that represents the number of parts taken

Tử số

In the fraction 3/5, 3 is the numerator.

Tangent (n)

/ˈtæn.dʒənt/

A straight line or plane that touches a curve or curved surface at a single point

Đường tiếp tuyến

The tangent line to a circle intersects the circle at exactly one point.

Triangle (n)

/ˈtraɪ.æŋ.ɡəl/

A flat shape with three straight sides

Tam giác

The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180 degrees.

Term (n)

/tɜːm/

A number or symbol used in a mathematical series or calculation

Thành phần, số hạng

In the expression 3x + 5y, 3x and 5y are terms.

Square (n)

/skweər/

A flat shape with four sides of equal length and four angles of 90°

Hình vuông

A square is a special case of a rectangle.

Symmetry (n)

/ˈsɪm.ə.tri/

A balanced arrangement of parts on either side of a center or plane

Đối xứng

The butterfly has bilateral symmetry in its wings.

Subset (n)

/ˈsʌb.set/

A set that is part of a larger set

Tập con

The set {1, 2} is a subset of the set {1, 2, 3}.

Square Root (n)

/ˌskweə ˈruːt/

A value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number

Căn bậc hai

The square root of 25 is 5, as 5 × 5 = 25.

Variable (n)

/ˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

A number, amount, or situation that can change

Biến số

In the equation 2x + 3 = 7, x is a variable.

Vertex (n)

/ˈvɜː.teks/

A point where two or more lines or edges meet

Đỉnh (đa giác, đa diện)

The vertices of a square are its four corners.

Volume (n)

/ˈvɒl.juːm/

The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object

Thể tích

To find the volume of a cube, multiply the length by itself three times.

Vector (n)

/ˈvek.tər/

A quantity having both magnitude and direction, represented by an arrow

Véc tơ

Force and velocity are examples of vector quantities.

Vertical (adj)

/ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/

In an upright position or direction; perpendicular to the horizon

Dọc, theo chiều dọc

The y-axis in a coordinate plane is a vertical line.

Value (n)

/ˈvæl.juː/

The numerical quantity represented by an algebraic expression

Giá trị

The value of x in the equation 2x + 1 = 5 is 2.