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Authoritarian (adj)

ˌɔː.θɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.

Độc tài

The country lived under an authoritarian regime for decades.

Accountability (n)

əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

The fact or condition of being accountable or responsible; responsibility.

Trách nhiệm

Citizens must demand accountability from their leaders.

Alliance (n)

əˈlaɪ.əns

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Liên minh

The two nations formed a strategic alliance for economic growth.

Amendment (n)

əˈmend.mənt

A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc.

Sửa đổi

The constitution underwent several amendments over the years.

Autonomy (n)

ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi

The right or condition of self-government, especially in a particular sphere.

Quyền tự trị

The region gained autonomy and was able to govern itself.

Bureaucracy (n)

bjʊəˈrɒk.rə.si

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Bộ máy quan liêu

The bureaucracy was criticized for its slow decision-making process.

Ballot (n)

ˈbæl.ət

Piece of paper used for voting.

Phiếu bầu

Citizens cast their ballots to choose their representatives.

Biased (adj)

ˈbaɪəst

Unfairly prejudiced for or against someone or something.

Thiên vị, có định kiến

The media should strive to present unbiased information.

Budget (n)

ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt

An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.

Ngân sách

The government presented its annual budget to the parliament.

Bill (n)

bɪl

A draft of a proposed law presented to parliament for discussion.

Dự luật

The bill aimed to address environmental concerns in the region.

Balance of Power (n)

ˌbæl.əns əv ˈpaʊər

A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power.

Cân bằng quyền lực

The treaty aimed to maintain a balance of power in the region.

Candidate (n)

ˈkæn.dɪ.dət

A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election.

Ứng cử viên

The candidate outlined his plans for economic reform.

Constitution (n)

ˌkɒn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən

A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Hiến pháp

The country's constitution guarantees citizens certain rights.

Coalition (n)

kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən

An alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government.

Liên minh

The parties formed a coalition to address common issues.

Civil Liberties (n)

ˌsɪv.əl ˈlɪb.ə.tiz

Personal freedoms that protect individuals from the government's interference.

Quyền tự do công dân

The constitution protects civil liberties such as freedom of speech.

Corruption (n)

kəˈrʌp.ʃən

Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.

Tham nhũng

The government vowed to eradicate corruption in public offices.

Constitutionality (n)

ˌkɒnstɪtuːʃəˈnælɪti

The quality or state of being in accordance with the constitution.

Tính hợp hiến

The court will determine the constitutionality of the new law.

Democracy (n)

dɪˈmɒk.rə.si

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Dân chủ

Democracy allows citizens to participate in decision-making.

Diplomacy (n)

dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si

The conduct of international relations and negotiations between countries.

Ngoại giao

Skilled diplomacy is crucial for maintaining global peace.

Dictatorship (n)

dɪkˈteɪ.tə.ʃɪp

A form of government where a ruler or small group has absolute power.

Chế độ độc tài

The country is being run by a repressive military dictatorship.

Delegate (n)

ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət

A person sent or authorized to represent others, typically at a conference or in politics.

Đại biểu

The delegate spoke on behalf of the citizens at the conference.

Devolution (n)

ˌdiː.vəˈluː.ʃən

The transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially from a central government to local or regional administration.

Phân quyền

Devolution can empower local governments to make decisions.

Dissent (n)

dɪˈsent

The expression or holding of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held.

Phản đối, ý kiến trái chiều

Citizens have the right to express dissent in a democratic society.

Electoral System (collocation)

iˈlek.tər.əl ˈsɪs.təm

A set of rules for conducting elections.

Hệ thống bầu cử

The country implemented a proportional electoral system.

Executive (n)

ɪɡˈzek.jə.tɪv

The branch of government responsible for implementing and enforcing laws.

Bộ máy chính trị hành pháp

The executive branch is headed by the president.

Embassy (n)

ˈem.bə.si

The official residence or offices of an ambassador in a foreign country.

Đại sứ quán

The ambassador resides in the embassy in the capital city.

Equality (n)

iˈkwɒl.ə.ti

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.

Bình đẳng

The movement advocates for gender equality in the workplace.

Election (n)

iˈlek.ʃən

A formal and organized process of electing or being elected.

Cuộc bầu cử

The election attracted a high voter turnout.

Federal (adj)

ˈfed.ər.əl

Relating to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Liên bang

The country has a federal system with distinct state governments.

Foreign Policy (n)

ˌfɒr.ən ˈpɒl.ə.si

A government's strategy in dealing with other nations.

Chính sách đối ngoại 

The president outlined the nation's foreign policy objectives.

Franchise (n)

ˈfræn.tʃaɪz

The right to vote in public elections.

Quyền bầu cử

Universal suffrage expanded the franchise to all citizens.

Fascism (n)

ˈfæʃ.ɪ.zəm

A political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, strong nationalism, and suppression of opposition.

Chủ nghĩa phát xít

Fascism led to authoritarian rule in several European countries.

Federalism (n)

ˈfed.ər.əl.ɪ.zəm

The federal principle or system of government.

Chủ nghĩa liên bang

Federalism distributes powers between central and state governments.

Freedom (n)

ˈfriː.dəm

The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.

Sự tự do

Freedom of speech is a fundamental democratic principle.

Government (n)

ˈɡʌv.ən.mənt

The group of people with the authority to govern a country or state.

Chính phủ

The government introduced new policies to boost the economy.

Human Rights (n)

ˌhjuː.mən ˈraɪts

Fundamental rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to, often considered universal.

Nhân quyền

The international community works to protect human rights globally.

House of Representatives (n)

ˌhaʊs əv rep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪvz

The lower house of a legislative body, such as the U.S. House of Representatives.

Hạ viện

The House of Representatives passes legislation on behalf of the people.

Head of State (n)

ˌhed əv ˈsteɪt

The official leader of a country, often a monarch or president.

Chủ tịch nước

The head of state addressed the nation on matters of national importance.

Legislation (n)

ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən

Laws collectively enacted by a government or other authoritative body.

Pháp luật, luật lệ

The new legislation aimed to address environmental concerns.

Legitimacy (n)

ləˈdʒɪt.ə.mə.si

The quality of being recognized as lawful or valid; acceptance by the people.

Tính hợp pháp, tính chính đáng

The government's legitimacy was questioned by the opposition.

Leadership (n)

ˈliː.də.ʃɪp

The action of leading a group of people or an organization.

Lãnh đạo

Effective leadership is crucial for a country's progress.

Multilateral (adj)

ˌmʌl.tiˈlæt.ər.əl

Involving or participated in by more than two countries or parties.

Đa phương

The treaty was a result of multilateral negotiations between several nations.

Mandate (n)

ˈmæn.deɪt

The authority granted by a constituency to act as its representative.

Quyền ủy thác thi hành nhiệm vụ

The politician claimed a clear mandate from the voters to implement his policies.

Nonpartisan (adj)

ˌnɑːnˈpɑːr.t̬ə.zən

Not biased or affiliated with any political party.

Không thuộc đảng, trung lập

The organization is nonpartisan and focuses on objective analysis.

Nominee (n)

ˌnɒm.ɪˈniː

A person who has been proposed or nominated for an election or appointment.

Người được đề cử

The party announced its nominee for the upcoming presidential election.

Negotiation (n)

nəˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement; the act or process of negotiating.

Sự đàm phán

Diplomats engaged in negotiations to resolve the diplomatic crisis.

Transparency (n)

trænˈspær.ən.si

The quality of being open, honest, and easily understood; free from deceit or ambiguity.

Sự minh bạch

Transparency is essential for building trust in government institutions.

Trade Agreement (n)

treɪd əˈɡriː.mənt

An agreement between two or more countries on the terms of trade.

Hiệp định thương mại

The trade agreement led to increased economic cooperation between the nations.

Two-Party System (collocation)

tuː ˈpɑː.ti ˈsɪs.təm

A political system where two major political parties dominate the government.

Hệ thống đa đảng

The United States has a two-party system with Democrats and Republicans.

Republic (n)

rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

A form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter," and the head of state is elected.

Cộng hòa

The country transitioned from a monarchy to a republic.

Revolution (n)

ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən

A sudden, complete, or marked change in something; often refers to a political uprising.

Cuộc cách mạng

The industrial revolution brought about significant changes in society.

Representative (n)

ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv

A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for others, especially in a legislative assembly.

Đại diện, tiêu biểu

The representative presented the concerns of the constituents in parliament.

Regime (n)

reɪˈʒiːm

A government, especially an authoritarian one; a system or ordered way of doing things.

Chế độ, chính trị

The new regime promised economic reforms and political stability.

Parliament (n)

ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt

The highest legislature, consisting of elected representatives, that makes laws in a country.

Quốc hội, nghị viện

The parliament debated the proposed changes to the education system.

Policy (n)

ˈpɒl.ə.si

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual.

Chính sách

The government announced a new economic policy to stimulate growth.

Power (n)

paʊər

The ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way; influence or control.

Quyền lực

The president's power is constrained by the constitution and checks and balances.

Sovereignty (n)

ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

Supreme authority or power to govern oneself; independence.

Chủ quyền

The nation fought for its sovereignty and independence.

Separation of Powers (n)

ˌsep.ərˈeɪ.ʃən əv ˈpaʊərz

The division of governmental responsibilities among different branches to prevent abuse of power.

Phân quyền

The constitution establishes the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Violent (adj)

ˈvaɪə.lənt

Involving or characterized by physical force or aggression.

Bạo lực

Violent protests erupted in the streets, demanding political change.

Quell (v)

kwel

To suppress or put an end to something, especially by force.

Chấm dứt, đàn áp

The government used military force to quell the uprising.